In the heyday of the Victorian Era (also known as the Gilded Age in America), a typical dinner party or holiday meal looked a lot different than it might today. Shared meals and gatherings were governed by strict codes around social hierarchy and etiquette. Dinners were a formal affair, and often included up to nine courses served on a plethora of different dishes. Serving staff were in charge of tending to guests' needs and handling the logistics of the meal.
The Hostess's Helper
To help waitstaff perform their duties as discreetly as possible, affluent dining rooms sometimes boasted a gazing ball—also known as a butler ball, or reflecting globe. These reflective spheres were popular in England beginning around 1690, but went out of style in the mid-nineteenth century. They arrived in the United States somewhat later, where they became a status symbol for wealthy households like that of the du Pont family.
During dinner parties, the gazing ball would be placed on the sideboard or some other strategic location. There, the butler would be able to look into the ball to check on the progress of dinner and check whether guests' glasses needed refilling without having to stare directly at the person in question, thereby remaining as unobtrusive as possible.
The Hagley gazing ball is believed to have been used by Louise Crowninshield, who was the great-granddaughter of E.I. du Pont. A photo taken of the du Pont dining room in the 1950s shows the gazing ball sitting in its place on a side table.
A Long and Varied History
Gazing balls weren't only used to steal glances at guests during dinner parties. They originated in Italy in the 13th century, where they were initially crafted out of glass. They were often used as decorations in gardens; however, some people thought them to be capable of repelling bad spirits and witches, or attracting fairies. Later, in addition to their role during gatherings and meals, they also came in handy for keeping a watchful eye on young couples in need of chaperoning.
Today, the Hagley gazing ball enjoys a well-deserved rest from its duties among the Hagley collection. However, it remains a vital artifact of a bygone era, one that better helps us understand the social values and cultural heritage of the ancestral du Pont home and the people who lived there.
The mission of Hagley Museum and Library is to foster innovation and inspiration through our historical collections. Located on the site of E.I. du Pont's gunpowder works, Hagley's offerings include a library dedicated to the study of American business and technology, a unique patent model collection, and the restored historical mill and workers' community, as well as the home and gardens of the du Pont family. Hagley also hosts a variety of events intended to educate and engage the wider community. Plan your visit today, or consider donating to support our work!